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The cinema of the Philippines (Filipino: ''Pelikulang Pilipino'' or ''Sine Pilipino'') began with the introduction of the first moving pictures to the country on January 1, 1897 at the ''Salón de Pertierra'' in Manila. The following year, local scenes were shot on film for the first time by a Spaniard, Antonio Ramos, using the Lumiere Cinematograph. Early filmmakers and producers in the country were mostly wealthy enterprising foreigners and expatriates, but on September 12, 1919, a silent feature film broke the grounds for Filipino filmmakers. ''Dalagang Bukid (Country Maiden)'', a movie based on a popular musical play, was the first movie made and shown by Filipino filmmaker José Nepomuceno.〔("The Role of José Nepomuceno in the Philippine Society: What language did his silent film speaks?" ). Stockholm University Publications. Retrieved on 2011-01-06.〕 Dubbed as the "Father of Philippine Cinema", his work marked the start of cinema as an art form in the Philippines.〔Armes, Roy. ("Third World Film Making and the West" ), p.152. University of California Press, 1987. Retrieved on 2011-01-09.〕 Even with the problems currently facing motion pictures around the world, movies are still considered as one of the popular forms of entertainment among the Filipino people, directly employing some 260,000 Filipinos and generating around ₱2 billion revenues annually.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=2014 Philippines Yearly Box Office Results )〕 The Philippines was the last country to establish a national film archive, when one opened in October 2011.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Finally, a national film archive )〕 The Luna Awards honor the outstanding Filipino films annually and are voted by their own peers. It is presented by the Film Academy of the Philippines. On the other hand, the Manunuri ng Pelikulang Pilipino hands out the Gawad Urian Awards, which is well-known due to its credible choices of winners. Currently, Box Office Mojo compiles the box office charts for this country. == Overview == The formative years of Philippine cinema, starting from the 1930s, were a time of discovering the film genre as a new medium of art. Scripts and characterisations in films came from popular theatre and familiar local literature. Nationalistic films were also quite popular, although they were labeled as being too subversive. The 1940s and the war brought to the Philippine cinema the consciousness of reality. Movie themes consisting primarily of war and heroism had proven to be a huge hit among local audiences. The 1950s saw the first golden age of Philippine cinema,〔("Is the Curtain Finally Falling on the Philippine Movie Industry?" ). ''PhilNews.com.'' Retrieved 25 January 2009.〕〔 with the emergence of more artistic and mature films, and significant improvement in cinematic techniques among filmmakers. The studio system produced frenetic activity in the local film industry, as many films were made annually and several local talents started to earn recognition abroad. Award-giving bodies were first instituted during this period. When the decade was drawing to a close, the studio system monopoly came under siege as a result of labor-management conflicts, and by the 1960s, the artistry established in the previous years was already on the decline. This era can be characterized by rampant commercialism, fan movies, soft porn films, action flicks, and western spin-offs. The 1970s and 1980s were turbulent years for the industry, bringing both positive and negative changes. The films in this period now dealt with more serious topics following the Martial Law era. In addition, action and sex films developed further, introducing more explicit subject matter. These years also brought the arrival of alternative or independent film in the Philippines. The 1990s saw the emerging popularity of slasher movies, teen-oriented romantic comedies, as well as sexually explicit adult films, although slapstick comedies still draw a large audience. Genres of previous decades had been recycled with almost the same stories, and love teams, which had been popular in the past, have reemerged.〔Anonymous. ("History of Philippine Cinema" ). ''Philippine Journeys.'' Retrieved January 22, 2009.〕 The Philippines, which as one of Asia's oldest film industries, remains undisputed in terms of the highest level of theater admission in Southeast Asia. Over the years, however, the film industry has registered a steady decline in movie viewership from 131 million in 1996 to 63 million in 2004.〔〔 From a high of 200 films a year during the 1980s, the country's film industry was down to making a total of 56 new films in 2006 and around 30 in 2007.〔〔 Although the industry has undergone turbulent times, the 21st century saw the rebirth of independent filmmaking through the use of digital technology, and a number of films have once again earned international recognition and prestige. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cinema of the Philippines」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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